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Fundamental human rights are universal and everyone is entitled to them.

This article will introduce the fundamental human rights, along with historical and cultural context.

Summary of the Fundamental Human Rights

The Fundamental Human Rights can largely be divided into 5 categories.

• Right to life and freedom
• Freedom from slavery and torture
• Freedom of opinion and expression
• Labor
• Education

This article will delve into the different types of treaties that exist and a look at how the rights are defined and the factors involved in the composition of the fundamental human rights.

Universal Declaration of Human Right

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a keystone document that should be maintained and protected by all.

The Declaration was proclaimed on December 10th, 1948, by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris

The 30 Articles are listed below.

Article 1	All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
Article 2	All human beings are entitled to all rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status
Article 3	Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person
Article 4	No one shall be held in slavery or servitude
Article 5	No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
Article 6	Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law
Article 7	All are equal before the law and are entitles without any discrimination to equal protection of the law
Article 8	Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution of by law
Article 9	No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention, or exile
Article 10	Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him
Article 11	Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under international law, at the time when it was committed
Article 12	No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation
Article 13	Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and return to his country
Article 14	Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution
Article 15	Everyone has the right to nationality
Article 16	Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family.
Article 17	Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in associate with others
Article 18	Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
Article 19	Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression
Article 20	Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
Article 21	Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives
Article 22	Everyone as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality
Article 23	Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment
Article 24	Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay
Article 25	Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment and sickness.
Article 26	Everyone has the right to education. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children
Article 27	Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
Article 28	Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration can be fully realized
Article 29	Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality possible
Article 30	Nothing in this declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein

This has become the global standard for customary international human rights law, despite not being legally binding.

rights law, despite not being legally binding.
International Human Rights Law

International human rights law is defined as laws and regulations for the assurance of human rights internationally.

The foundation of this legal system is the United Nations treaty and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the General Assembly in 1945 and 1948.

International Human Rights Law is classified under the categories of “universal security” and “regional security”.

A treaty has been signed with regards to the implementation of human rights guarantees, according to the contents of the human rights stipulated in international human rights law.

Human Rights Council

The Human Rights Council was established by the General Assembly on March 15th, 2006.

While there existed a human rights committee preceding this establishment, it was only after that they were able to conduct functioning conferences as the Human Rights Council on matters of international human rights.

Representatives from 47 states make up the Council, each tasked with addressing human rights issues while simultaneously promoting and protecting international human rights. Furthermore, they are assigned to respond to global human rights emergencies.

Using its unique mechanisms, the United Nations member states undergo a review of all human rights records once every four years.

The most innovative feature of the Human Rights Council is the Universal Periodic Review. This unique mechanism involves a review of the human rights records of all 193 UN member states once every four years.

Reference：”Human Rights ｜United Nations”

High Commissioner of Human Rights Office

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights lies at the center of human rights related pursuits, and they exercise its principal responsibility for human rights activities.

The Office is necessary in countering infringement and taking precautionary measures to avoid related complications.

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights is compelled to take precautions in responding to abuse or exploitation of human rights.
In addition, it also serves as the secretariat for the Human Rights Council, treaty bodies and other human rights associations

History of Human Rights Treaties

Human rights treaties have a long history.

Human rights treaties have expanded and developed as shown below:

1948	Convention on crime prevention and punishment
1965	International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
1979	Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
1989	Convention on the Rights of the Child
2006	Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Treaties are constantly reviewed and renewed.

Q&A: Fundamental Human Rights

The following questions on fundamental human rights will be answered.

• What are the 10 fundamental human rights?
• What are the 3 basic human rights?
• What are the 4 principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child?

What are the 10 fundamental human rights?

The 10 fundamental human rights are as follows:

• The Right to Life
• The Right to Freedom from Torture and Inhumane Treatment
• The Right to Equal Treatment before the Law
• The Right to Privacy
• The Right to Asylum
• The Right to Marriage and Family
• The Right to Freedom of Thought, Religion, Opinion and Expression
• The Right to Work
• The Right to Education
• The Right to Social Services

What are the 3 basic human rights?

As described in Article 3 of the United Nations description, the 3 basic human rights are:

• Life
• Liberty
• Security

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Reference：”Universal Declaration of Human Rights｜United Nations”

What are the 4 principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child?

When studying human rights, understanding the rights of the child is imperative.

UNICEF characterizes the 4 principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as the following:

• Non-Discrimination
• Best Interests of the child
• The right to survival and development
• The views of the child

Fundamental Human Rights to be Known and Protected by All

It is everyone’s duty to deepen their understanding and awareness on the topic of human rights.

This is because everyone is entitled to all human rights.

All people everywhere have these rights by nature, with no exception.

It is arguably the responsibility of all human beings to be aware of, understand and protect these human rights.